Quantum wires, quantum boxes and related structures: Physics, device potentials and structural requirements

Unique features of quantum wires (QWI), quantum box (QB), and related structures are discussed to clarify those physical processes that can be exploited for the creation of advanced device functions. We review first various schemes to suppress scattering processes by impurities, interface roughness, phonons, and electrons in these structures. Then, the advantage and limitation of gate-controlled planar superlattices and other quantum interference devices are examined. Physical basis for the advantages of using QWI/QB structures as optoelectronic materials is also discussed. Finally, structural requirements to obtain these desirable properties are clarified.